Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Preeclampsia

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15319
R63030		 Freeman - BZDs, 2018 Preeclampsia during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.81 [0.43;1.52] 30/144   118/650 148 144
ref
S15314
R63005		 Yonkers - BZDs, 2017 Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy (hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy or preeclampsia) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.49 [0.53;4.18] 5/67   -/- - 67
ref
S17712
R74717		 Hironaka - BZDs (Control exposed to Atypical antipsy), 2011 Pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.89 [0.03;112.07] C
excluded (control group) 		0/5   0/9 0 5
ref
S17710
R74705		 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, disease free), 2011 Pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 12.24 [0.51;293.29] C
excluded (control group) 		0/5   2/278 2 5
ref
S17711
R74711		 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 Pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.56 [0.01;37.57] C 0/5   0/3 0 5
ref
Total 3 studies 0.95 [0.56;1.62] 148 216
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Freeman - BZDs, 2018Freeman - BZDs, 2018 0.81[0.43; 1.52]14814472%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Yonkers - BZDs, 2017Yonkers - BZDs, 2017 1.49[0.53; 4.18]-6727%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011Hironaka - BZDs, 2011 1 0.56[0.01; 37.57]052%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 0.95[0.56; 1.62]1482160.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Control unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.95[0.56; 1.62]1482160%NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 Yonkers - BZDs, 2017 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.49[0.53; 4.18]-67 -NAYonkers - BZDs, 2017 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.80[0.43; 1.50]1481490%NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.56[0.01; 37.57]-5 -NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.96[0.56; 1.64]1482110%NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 Yonkers - BZDs, 2017 2 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.41[0.52; 3.84]-720%NAYonkers - BZDs, 2017 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 2   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.81[0.43; 1.52]148144 -NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 1 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.95[0.56; 1.62]1482160%NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 Yonkers - BZDs, 2017 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 3 All studiesAll studies 0.95[0.56; 1.62]1482160%NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 Yonkers - BZDs, 2017 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17712, 17710

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.45[0.42; 14.09]27235%NAYonkers - BZDs, 2017 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, disease free), 2011 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.80[0.43; 1.50]1481490%NAFreeman - BZDs, 2018 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.89[0.03; 112.07]-5 -NAHironaka - BZDs (Control exposed to Atypical antipsy), 2011 10.510.01.0