Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Childhood autism (F84.0)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17870
R75500		 Delteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2023 Childhood autism (ICD-10: F84.0) - At 5 and/or 8 years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.60 [0.96;2.64] C
excluded (control group) 		16/2,517   328/82,163 344 2,517
ref
S15610
R75492		 Delteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Childhood autism (ICD-10: F84.0) - At 5 and/or 8 years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.94 [0.40;2.20] C 16/2,517   8/1,180 24 2,517
ref
S15624
R64496		 Christensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013 Childhood autism (mean age almost 9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 0.90 [0.10;6.70] 2/269   2,063/655,233 2,065 269
ref
Total 2 studies 0.93 [0.42;2.05] 2,089 2,786
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Delteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Delteil - BZDs, 2023 1 0.94[0.40; 2.20]242,51786%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Christensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013Christensen - Clonazepam, 2013 2 0.90[0.10; 6.70]2,06526914%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.93[0.42; 2.05]2,0892,7860.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Indications NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.93[0.42; 2.05]2,0892,7860%NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Christensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.90[0.11; 7.37]2,065269 -NAChristensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.94[0.40; 2.20]242,517 -NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.94[0.40; 2.20]242,517 -NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.90[0.11; 7.37]2,065269 -NAChristensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013 1 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 0.90[0.11; 7.37]2,065269 -NAChristensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.94[0.40; 2.20]242,517 -NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 All studiesAll studies 0.93[0.42; 2.05]2,0892,7860%NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Christensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17870

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.55[0.95; 2.52]2,4092,7860%NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2023 Christensen - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2013 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.94[0.40; 2.20]242,517 -NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 10.510.01.0