TNF-alpha inhibitors

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.57 [1.16, 2.14]0%13 studies206971low ROB2.52 [1.58; .]
Major congenital malformations1.67 [1.08, 2.58]0%9 studies64680not evaluable ROB2.72 [1.37; .]
Congenital heart defects9.39 [0.38, 233.76]-1 study156not evaluable ROB-
Digestive system anomalies3.09 [0.19, 50.25]-1 study256not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects3.07 [0.06, 156.65]-1 study56not evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies3.07 [0.06, 156.65]-1 study56not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts--0 study-
Respiratory system anomalies--0 study-
Chromosomal abnormalities1.80 [0.48, 6.69]-1 study15421not evaluable ROB-
Genital anomalies9.39 [0.38, 233.76]-1 study156not evaluable ROB-
Urinary malformations0.61 [0.03, 12.84]-1 study256not evaluable ROB-
Atrial septal defect--0 study-
Atrioventricular septal defect--0 study-
Cardiac septal defects--0 study-
Congenital hydronephrosis--0 study-
Ear, face and neck anomalies--0 study-
Eye defects--0 study-
Eye, ear, face and neck malformations--0 study-
Hypospadias--0 study-
Ventricular septal defect--0 study-
Minor congenital malformations1.27 [0.70, 2.30]-1 study82419not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)1.38 [1.16, 1.64]13%18 studies1,4552,329low ROB2.11 [1.60; .]
Small for gestational age (weight)1.72 [0.83, 3.58]0%8 studies21311not evaluable ROB-
Low birth weight (< 2500g)1.86 [0.66, 5.25]87%7 studies291752not evaluable ROB-
Macrosomia (> 4000g)2.97 [0.24, 36.82]0%2 studies136not evaluable ROB-

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Caesarean2.56 [0.15, 42.43]95%2 studies59100not evaluable ROB-
Gestational diabetes1.15 [0.88, 1.49]0%2 studies573394not evaluable ROB-
Maternal consequences (as a whole)1.66 [1.40, 1.95]0%3 studies41,125not evaluable ROB2.70 [2.16; .]
Preeclampsia0.53 [0.03, 9.33]68%2 studies11109not evaluable ROB-
Maternal infections1.42 [1.24, 1.63]0%2 studies191,849not evaluable ROB2.19 [1.78; .]
Abruptio placentae (retroplacental hematoma)--0 study-
Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...)--0 study-
Placenta previa--0 study-

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Neonatal infections0.90 [0.77, 1.04]0%7 studies961,064not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal death (< 28 days of life)4.47 [0.37, 54.48]0%2 studies164not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal medical care--0 study-
Jaundice1.00 [0.06, 16.97]-1 study224not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)1.80 [0.51, 6.40]-1 study1156not evaluable ROB-
Infant health status 1.84 [0.39, 8.77]-1 study824not evaluable ROB-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 10 min)--0 study-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)--0 study-

Long term consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Child/Infant infections (> 1 year)--0 study-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)0.99 [0.66, 1.48]60%8 studies8201,417not evaluable ROB-
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)1.43 [0.68, 3.03]0%6 studies491,042not evaluable ROB-
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy1.65 [1.03, 2.65]46%6 studies5091,172not evaluable ROB2.68 [1.19; .]
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)1.57 [0.03, 83.21]80%2 studies948not evaluable ROB-
Ectopic pregnancy12.76 [1.31, 124.74]0%2 studies2104not evaluable ROB25.02 [1.94; .]
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy--0 study-

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)0.83 [0.29, 2.40]0%2 studies1596not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis0.96 [0.06, 15.62]-1 study272not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk0.96 [0.06, 15.62]-1 study272not evaluable ROB-

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