Carbimazole, Thiamazole (Methimazole)

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Momotani, 1984 Wing (control unexposed, sick), 1994 Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Di Gianantonio, 2001 Azizi, 2002 Banhidy, 2011 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 Hawken (control exposed to PTU), 2016 Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 131.40[1.14; 1.72]249,1324,773low Major congenital malformations Momotani, 1984 Wing (control unexposed, sick), 1994 Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Di Gianantonio, 2001 Banhidy, 2011 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 71.78[1.18; 2.69]2051,852serious Genital anomalies Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 31.11[0.75; 1.63]25,7662,856not evaluable Limb defects Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 30.85[0.65; 1.12]74,5332,856not evaluable Respiratory system anomalies Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 31.62[1.11; 2.37]15,9982,856not evaluable Urinary malformations Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 31.69[1.08; 2.67]17,6452,856not evaluable Carbimazole embryopathy Di Gianantonio, 2001 Barbero, 2008 Clementi, 2010 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 614.62[10.40; 20.55]2,3164,301not evaluable Eye defects Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 22.38[1.21; 4.71]2,4931,736not evaluable Congenital heart defects Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 31.73[1.40; 2.15]77,4052,856not evaluable Digestive system anomalies Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 32.99[2.05; 4.36]15,2732,856not evaluable Severe congenital heart defect Clementi, 2010 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 20.87[0.25; 3.03]7391,311not evaluable Abdominal wall defects Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 25.44[2.63; 11.23]9331,736not evaluable Ear, face and neck anomalies Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 20.58[0.08; 4.33]9121,736not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 22.85[1.39; 5.87]5,8521,282not evaluable Omphalocele Clementi, 2010 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 39.70[3.27; 28.78]1631,334not evaluable Syndromes and chromosomal abnormalities Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 21.16[0.62; 2.17]5,5531,736not evaluable Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 21.77[0.22; 14.34]41,254not evaluable Atresia of bile ducts Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 22.94[0.36; 24.10]31,254not evaluable Cardiac septal defects Andersen 2014 (control unexposed, disease free), 2014 11.87[1.14; 3.06]-1,097not evaluable Congenital hydronephrosis Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 24.41[0.48; 40.36]31,254not evaluable Hypospadias Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 23.81[0.32; 46.05]11,254not evaluable Oro-facial clefts Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 21.54[0.19; 12.70]3,4481,143not evaluable Other congenital malformations (Q80-84) Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 Andersen (control unexposed, disease free), 2019 22.32[0.38; 14.27]2,0221,736not evaluable Ventricular septal defect Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 21.31[0.56; 3.06]251,254not evaluable Ear malformations Andersen 2017 (control unexposed, sick), 2017 19.60[0.19; 485.50]-162not evaluable Situs inversus Clementi, 2010 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 25.49[0.58; 51.80]251,311not evaluable Aortic valve atresia/stenosis Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Aplasia cutis congenita Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 123.36[1.33; 409.42]71,231not evaluable Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 14.65[0.19; 114.23]11,231not evaluable Atrial septal defect Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Brachydactyly Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 11.55[0.03; 78.10]-1,231not evaluable Choanal atresia Barbero, 2008 Clementi, 2010 225.89[7.52; 89.13]11992not evaluable Chromosomal abnormalities Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 10.32[0.02; 6.82]2124not evaluable Cleft lip with or without cleft palate Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.31[0.01; 6.45]21,231not evaluable Club foot / Talipes equinovarus Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Congenital cataract Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Craniosynostosis Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 11.55[0.10; 24.79]21,231not evaluable Diaphragmatic hernia Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Down syndrom / Trisomy 21 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 12.33[0.39; 13.94]51,231not evaluable Eye, ear, face and neck malformations Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 11.00[0.37; 2.69]9,4471,120not evaluable Intestinal malrotation Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.22[0.01; 4.28]31,231not evaluable Multicystic renal dysplasia Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 11.55[0.10; 24.79]21,231not evaluable Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 17.76[0.37; 161.69]21,231not evaluable Other congenital malformations (Q80 to Q99) Seo (control unexposed, NOS), 2018 11.91[0.95; 3.83]10,0311,120not evaluable Patent ductus arterious Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 113.98[0.75; 259.95]41,231not evaluable Polydactyly Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 121.09[0.41; 1087.34]-23not evaluable Pulmonary artery stenosis Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Pulmonary valve stenosis Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 17.01[0.28; 177.06]123not evaluable Spina bifida Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 14.65[0.19; 114.23]11,231not evaluable Sturge-Weber syndrome Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 14.65[0.19; 114.23]11,231not evaluable Syndactyly Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Tetralogy of Fallot Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 14.65[0.19; 114.23]11,231not evaluable Transposition of the great vessels Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 10.52[0.02; 12.68]11,231not evaluable Growth parameters and prematurity Preterm (< 37 weeks) Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Azizi, 2002 Chen (control unexposed, sick), 2011 Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 41.21[0.65; 2.23]184227not evaluable Low birth weight (< 2500g) Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Chen (control unexposed, sick), 2011 21.60[0.46; 5.51]14180not evaluable Small for gestational age (weight) Chen (control unexposed, sick), 2011 11.25[0.70; 2.24]38173not evaluable Maternal consequences Maternal liver disorder / failure during pregnancy Lo (control exposed to PTU), 2015 12.35[0.10; 58.31]179not evaluable Caesarean 0----- Gestational diabetes Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 10.54[0.02; 13.46]1124not evaluable Preeclampsia Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 10.54[0.02; 13.46]1124not evaluable Neonatal disorders Goiter Momotani (control exposed to PTU), 1997 Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Hawken (control exposed to PTU), 2016 30.96[0.20; 4.60]661not evaluable Hearing loss / Auditory deficit Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Yoshihara (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 23.68[0.41; 32.73]41,254not evaluable Hypothyroidism (fetal/neonatal) Wing (control unexposed, sick), 1994 Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Hawken (control exposed to PTU), 2016 30.88[0.10; 7.50]154not evaluable Neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia Momotani (control exposed to PTU), 1997 10.63[0.19; 2.07]1343not evaluable Hyperthyroidism / Thyrotoxicosis (fetal/neonatal) Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Hawken (control exposed to PTU), 2016 20.77[0.06; 9.94]118not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Elective/induced termination of pregnancy Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 23.39[1.80; 6.37]461,550not evaluable Perinatal death Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 20.70[0.25; 1.94]161,550not evaluable Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks) Di Gianantonio, 2001 Yoshihara (control unexposed, sick), 2012 23.94[0.70; 22.25]3321,654not evaluable Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified) Dwarakanath (control exposed to PTU), 1999 Gianetti (control unexposed, sick), 2015 21.97[0.89; 4.35]26131not evaluable Neuro-developmental disorders Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole) McCarroll (Buckinghamshire control group), 1976 15.34[2.17; 13.10]69220not evaluable Language disorders/delay Azizi, 2002 10.79[0.29; 2.13]-23not evaluable0.0100.01.0