id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S15365 R63216 |
Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Language mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.82 [0.31;10.68] C excluded (control group) |
2/21 4/73 | 6 | 21 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S15366 R63229 |
Bromley (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 | Language mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 1.58 [0.24;10.22] C | 2/21 3/48 | 5 | 21 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12896 R48728 |
Adams (Carbamazepine), 2022 | Verbal IQ - The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd Edition (WISC-III) (mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Matched | 2.72 [1.22;6.06] | -/41 -/41 | - | 41 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S15377 R63351 |
Thomas (Carbamazepine), 2022 | Verbal IQ/Verbal comprehension index (VCI) - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or Adult - Ages 13 to 21 years (mean of 16.5 ± 2.2 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 2.61 [0.76;8.95] | -/38 -/11 | - | 38 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12800 R48223 |
Meador (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 | Language Score in 2 years old children with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) | 3rd trimester | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
1.18 [0.40;3.52] excluded (control group) |
-/12 -/93 | - | 12 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S12801 R48224 |
Meador (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 | Language Score in 2 years old children with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) | 3rd trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.15 [0.39;3.45] | -/12 -/87 | - | 12 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S10075 R36698 |
Coste (Carbamazepine), 2020 | Visits to a speech therapist (mean age of 3.7 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 0.20 [0.10;0.70] | 4/176 122/2,108 | 126 | 176 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7710 R22897 |
Husebye (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 | Language impairment age 8 years (Language 20) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
2.74 [0.90;8.28] C excluded (control group) |
10/23 9/41 | 19 | 23 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7700 R22877 |
Husebye (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020 | Language impairment age 8 years (Language 20) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: Yes |
3.80 [1.60;9.00] excluded (control group) |
10/23 8,250/42,550 | 8,260 | 23 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7704 R22885 |
Husebye (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020 | Language impairment age 8 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 2.53 [1.02;6.26] C | 10/23 35/150 | 45 | 23 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7279 R21061 |
Kasradze (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2017 | Verbal comprehension (VCI) (WPPSI-4) (mean age 4-4.5 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
0.13 [0.01;1.41] excluded (control group) |
-/16 -/3 | - | 16 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S5496 R19155 |
Kasradze (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 | Verbal comprehension (VCI) (WPPSI-4) (mean age 4-4.5 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Matched | 3.53 [1.24;10.04] | -/16 -/50 | - | 16 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S8042 R24925 |
Deshmukh (Carbamazepine), 2016 | Vineland-II Adaptative Behavior Scales - Low and moderately low in the communication domain | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 2.91 [0.64;13.21] | 10/97 8/104 | 18 | 97 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S9938 R35721 |
Videman (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 | Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Hearing and speech (at the age of 7 months) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
2.69 [0.46;15.78] excluded (control group) |
-/9 -/8 | - | 9 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S9935 R35703 |
Videman (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 | Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Hearing and speech (at the age of 7 months) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 15.07 [3.88;58.47] | -/9 -/59 | - | 9 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S8324 R26357 |
Baker (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2015 | Mean child verbal IQ - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
1.13 [0.49;2.60] excluded (control group) |
-/50 -/29 | - | 50 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S8254 R26077 |
Baker (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2015 | Mean child verbal IQ - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
2.05 [1.17;3.59] excluded (control group) |
-/50 -/210 | - | 50 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S8326 R26366 |
Baker (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 | Mean child verbal IQ - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.14 [0.48;2.71] | -/50 -/25 | - | 50 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S386 R20452 |
Meador (Carbamazepine), 2013 | Verbal index score (at age 6 years old) (Created by averaging standard scores) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.19 [0.64;2.20] | -/61 -/74 | - | 61 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S6188 R20065 |
Nadebaum (Carbamazepine), 2011 | Total language delay (CELF-4) (core language ≤ 85) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No | 4.02 [0.20;78.92] C | 6/34 0/9 | 6 | 34 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7227 R20745 |
Eriksson (Carbamazepine), 2005 | Mean Verbal IQ (VIQ) (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III)) | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.21 [0.30;4.90] | -/13 -/13 | - | 13 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S5541 R24916 |
Adab (Carbamazepine), 2004 | Verbal IQ (VIQ) less than low average (≤ 89) (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.56 [0.27;1.14] C | 18/52 39/80 | 57 | 52 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S7236 R20862 |
Gaily (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 | Verbal IQ score (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised (WPPSI-R) or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R)) | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
0.86 [0.53;1.40] excluded (control group) |
-/86 -/139 | - | 86 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S5557 R19870 |
Gaily (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 | Verbal IQ score (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised (WPPSI-R) or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R)) | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 0.82 [0.43;1.59] | -/86 -/44 | - | 86 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 15 studies | 1.52 [0.94;2.45] | 257 | 729 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives |
1: Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Carbamazepine; 3: Carbamazepine; 4: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 5: Carbamazepine; 6: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick; 7: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 8: Carbamazepine; 9: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 10: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick; 11: Carbamazepine; 12: Carbamazepine; 13: Carbamazepine; 14: Carbamazepine; 15: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.1504 (by Egger's regression)
slope=-0.6681 (0.6452); intercept=2.0184 (1.3207); t=1.5282; p=0.1504
excluded 7236, 8324, 8254, 9938, 7279, 7710, 7700, 12800, 15365